Springs types, Materials and selection

What is spring :types of springs, selection of springs, springs materials


What is a spring?

A spring is an elastic body which is used to absorb energy spring absorb this energy for short or long period and then return it to the surrounding body and spring come back. Into its orignal position after discharging this energy

Types of springs 

Following are the types of springs
  1. Helical spring
  2. Conical & valute spring
  3. Leaf or laminated spring
  4. Disk or Bellvellie spring 
  5. Special purpose spring 

1 Helical spring :

This spring is made by wrapping a wire in the shape of helex and this spring is used for tension and compression forces these spring can be square, round and rectangular by cross-section

Types of helical spring :

Helical spring is further devided into three types

Tension helical spring :



Tension helical spring is spring which is designed for tensile load and the applied load act parallel to the axis on this spring the coils of tension helical spring are so closed to each other. The helex angle of this spring is kept so small shear stress is produced in this spring due to twisting.

Compression helical spring :

What is spring :types of springs, selection of springs, springs materials


In a compression helical spring there is a clear distances between the coils compression helical springs are designed for compressive load and the helex angle of this spring is more then tension helical spring 

Torsion helical spring :

What is spring :types of springs, selection of springs, springs materials


Torsion helical springs are designed in the shape of spiral. Due to bending both tensile and compression stress act on this spring torsion helical springs are used in a place where the load force the spring to wind up. These springs are commonly used in electrical machines.

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2 Conical & valute spring:

What is spring :types of springs, selection of springs, springs materials


These springs are used for special purposes where more spring rate is required due to increase in spring load. When load is applied on these spring one coil is interd in another coil and the spring rate is increased shear stress is produced in these spring and these springs are manufactured for telescoping

3 leaf or laminated spring :

What is spring :types of springs, selection of springs, springs materials


These springs are also known as falt or carriage springs these springs are made with flat plates with uniform thickness which are clamped together with yhe help of clampa and screws tensile and compressive stress act on these springs these springs are usually used in automobile

4 disk or Bellvellie spring :

What is spring :types of springs, selection of springs, springs materials


This spring is made by Conical disks which are assembled with a central bolt. These spring are used at a place where more spring rate and accurate unit is required compressive and tensile stress is produced in these springs

Types of springs according to their ends

Following are the types of springs according to their enda
  1. Open
  2. Open and ground 
  3. Closed and ground 
  4. Closed and unground

Selection of spring material 

Following points are considered while selecting a material for spring 
  1. Spring material for high load
  2. Spring material for medium load
  3. Springs material for lite load

Spring materials

  1. Alloy steel is used for long life of springs 
  2. Tungsten high speed steel or molybdenium are used for springs which are used in high temperature environment
Following materials are used for fatigue and Corrosion resistance